Medication

Effect on Continence

Alcohol

Frequency, urgency, sedation, delirium, immobility

α-Adrenergic agonists

Outlet obstruction (men)

α-Adrenergic blockers

Stress leakage (women)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Associated cough with stress or stress-induced urge leakage

Anticholinergics:

Antiarrhythmics (Norpace)

Antidiarrheals (Lomotil)

Antihistamines

Antiparkinsonian (Artane)

Antispasmodics (Bentyl)

Impaired emptying, retention, delirium, fecal impaction

Antidepressants

Anticholinergic effects, sedation

Antipsychotics

Anticholinergic effects, sedation, immobility, rigidity

Calcium channel blockers

Impaired detrusor contractility, retention, pedal edema causing nocturnal diuresis (dihydropyridine agents)

Loop diuretics

Polyuria, frequency, urgency

Narcotic analgesics

Urinary retention, fecal impaction, sedation, delirium

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Pedal edema causing nocturnal enuresis

Sedative hypnotics

Sedation, delirium, immobility

Thiazolidinediones

Pedal edema causing nocturnal enuresis