Exercise: Encourage regular, weight-bearing exercise

Nutrition: Encourage

■      adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D

■      lower intake of animal protein

Medications that may increase risk of osteoporosis—use with caution:

■      anticonvulsants

■      cyclosporine

■      glucocorticoids

■      long-term heparin

■      methotrexate

■      thyroid hormone replacement (dose dependent)

Smoking cessation