■      Establish a stable routine for going to bed and awakening

■      Optimize sleep environment (attention to noise, light, temperature)

■      Increase daytime activity and light exercise

■      Reduce or eliminate caffeine, nicotine, alcohol

■      Reduce evening fluid consumption to minimize nocturia

■      Give activating medications early in the day if patient unable to eliminate

■      Control nighttime pain

■      Limit daytime napping to brief periods of 20 to 30 minutes

■      Use relaxation, stress management, breathing techniques to promote natural sleep